Unit 9 ANCIENT HISTORY

COLONIZATION

PRE-ROMAN COLONIZATIONS: PHOENICIANS, GREEKS AND CARTHAGINIANS

PHOENICIANS

FROM ASIA (NOWADAYS LIBANON)

FOUNDED CADIZ (GADIR), MÁLAGA (MALAKA), ALMUÑECAR (SEXI)

EXCELLENT NAVIGATORS AND TRADERS. CAME TO SPAIN TO CREATE NEW TRADING ROUTES.

IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR MINING AND WORKING WITH METALS.

BROUGHT THE ALPHABET TO THE IBERIAN PENINSULA

GREEKS

FROM GREECE.

 

 FOUNDED ROSAS (RHODE), AMPURIAS (EMPORION)...

THEY TRADED WITH PHOENICIANS AND CAME TO SPAIN TO DEVELOP ITS TRADE. THEY HAD THEIR OWN CURRENCY.

GREEKS INFLUENCED OTHER CULTURES IN ARCHITECTURE, ART, PHILOSOPHY...

CARTHAGINIANS

FROM CARTHAGE (NORTH AFRICA)

THEY FOUGHT AGAINST PHOENICIANS, GREEKS AND ROMANS.

FOUNDED CARTAGENA (CARTAGO NOVA)

GENERAL HANNIBAL WAS WELL KNOWN IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA.

THE ROMAN CONQUEST OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA BEGAN IN 218 BC IN EMPORIUM AND FINISHED IN 

19 BC.

THE CAPITAL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE  WAS ROME AND IT WAS RULED BY THE EMPEROR

ROMAN LEGACY IN SPAIN

STRUCTURES:

BRIDGES:

PUENTE ROMANO DE MÉRIDA 

PUENTE ROMANO DE ALCÁNTARA

PUENTE ROMANO DE CÓRDOBA 

PUENTE ROMANO DE SALAMANCA

WALLS:

MURALLA ROMANA DE ASTORGA (LEÓN)

MURALLA ROMANA DE LUGO

MURALLA ROMANA DE CORIA

ROADS:

CALZADA ROMANA DE CÓRDOBA

CALZADA ROMANA SIERRA DE GREDOS

CALZADA ROMANA DE MÉRIDA

VIA DE LA PLATA

AQUEDUCTS:

ACUEDUCTO DE LES FERRERES (TARRAGONA)

ACUEDUCTO DE SEGOVIA

LAW: INFLUENCE TO ACTUAL LEGAL SYSTEMS

LANGUAGE:

RELIGION:

TEMPLO DE DIANA (MÉRIDA)

TEMPLO ROMANO DE CÓRDOBA

THEATRE AND ANFITHEATRE AND CIRCUS

TEATRO DE CARTAGENA

 TEATRO DE MÉRIDA 

CIRCO ROMANO DE TARRAGONA 

CIRCO ROMANO DE MÉRIDA

ROMAN CITIZENS FROM HISPANIA

SÉNECA

 HE WAS BORN IN CÓRDOBA IN 4 BC AND BECAME TUTOR AND ADVISOR OF EMPEROR NERO. 

HE WAS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT WRITERS AND PUBLIC SPEAKERS IN ROME.

 

TRAJAN

HE WAS A SOLDIER FROM ITALICA (NEAR SEVILLA).

HE BECAME EMPEROR OF ROME IN AD 98. HE IS KNOWN AS ONE OF THE "FIVE GOOD EMPERORS" AND HAS A COLUMN IN THE FORUM OF ROME.

HADRIAN

 HE WAS FROM ITALICA AND BECAME EMPEROR 

IN AD 117. HE BUILT A STONE WALL (HADRIAN'S WALL) TO SEPARATE THE CELTS TRIBES IN CALEDONIA (SCOTLAND) FROM THE REST OF THE ROMAN BRITANNIA (BRITAIN)

FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE

IN AD 395 THEODOSIUS I DIED AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE WAS DIVIDED INTO THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE.

THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE

IT COLLAPSED IN AD 476. THE LAST EMPEROR WAS ROMULUS AUGUSTUS.
THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE IS CONSIDERED AS THE END OF THE ANCIENT WORLD IN EUROPE.

THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE

IT CONTINUED ANOTHER 1000 YEARS AS THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE. IT KEPT MANY ROMAN CUSTOMS AND CONTINUED CHRISTIANITY UNTIL ITS FALL IN THE YEAR AD 1453.

AFTER THE ROMAN EMPIRE (WESTERN)

A GERMANIC TRIBE CALLED VISIGOTHS SETTLED IN HISPANIA.

THEY WERE ILLITERATE WARRIORS COMING FROM DACIA (ROMANIA). AFTER ATTACKING ROME (AD 410) THEY SETTLED IN SOUTHERN GAUL (FRANCE) AND THEN MOVED TO THE IBERIAN PENINSULA.

THEY WERE VICTORIOUS AGAINST GERMANIC TRIBES (VANDALS, SUEVI) AND RULED HISPANIA FROM AD 456 TO AD 711. THEY ESTABLISHED THEIR CAPITAL IN TOLEDO. DURING THIS TIME THEY BECAME ROMANISED, THEY LEARNT TO SPEAK LATIN, TO READ AND TO WRITE, THEY ADOPTED THE ROMAN LAW AND THE CATHOLICISM AS THEIR RELIGION.